A valley mire can be defined as an area of wet ground that forms a depression in the acidic soils of heathlands and which exists on topography conducive to continuous water movement i.e. drainage. The hydrological systems of these mires is unique and therefore supports a unique diversity of wetland plants and associated fauna.

 

Wanister Bog (a recognised area of importance under the Biodiversity Action Plan) is the only representative location of the valley mire habitat in County Durham and so is the subject of significant conservation efforts. The Bog supports an array of heathland grasses, whilst bog bean (Menyanthes trifoliata), marsh marigold (Caltha palustris) and Devil's-bit Scabious (Succisa pratensis) are also found at this site.

 

Recently efforts have been made to re-introduce Boloria selene, a butterfly known as the Small Pearl-Bordered Fritillary, which has a history of inhabiting Wanister Bog. This species is classified as a high priority for conservation due to a decline in numbers, attributed to a reduction of tree coppicing in woodlands. The past status of Wanister as a suitable habitat for B. selene can, it is hoped, be re-created by ensuring a sufficient concentration of the main food-plant marsh violet (Viola palustris) which may be made achievable by the cattle grazing programme.

 

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