At site N4 there are clear examples of competition between native Calluna and invasive Ulex and Pteridium aquilinum. P. aquilinum can form dense stands and so there is a danger of shading-out of Heather while Ulex is less of a threat on this front due to its lower structural density.

 

Where growth of invasive species is as a mixed stand with Calluna, removal of the undesirable plant is more difficult

 

 

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